Ireland :: essays research papers

IrelandOne of the main reason me and my family came to America, was because we wear been suffering The great Famine as you may call it, this was happening between the years of 1800 and 1845, there were approximately sixteen nutriment crisis. Which was mostly caused due to the Wet harvest season. This season was responsible for well-nigh 40 percent of destroyed crops be coming to plunge the country in to a crisis. India helped us out but did non provide enough solid food for the tens of thousands of people who died Annually from malnutrition and epidemic disease. During the Famine over one million died, reducing the population of Ireland to 6.5 million people.The Famine, although one of the main reasons I came to America, I crap other reasons. One of the most attractive aspects of American Life that I found was freedom, and the choice that you have I you want to excel theyre mode for expansion, back in Ireland, they was no room for expansion. In my homeland if you had a Job th ats would probably be your last, and the fact that America has many sources of food and plenty of jobs, requiring no school degree. Plus this country can give my family and me the opportunity to have a stop life then that of Ireland.What I am expecting to do in America, which Ive heard from many people, will most likely be working in a factory. Due to that I have no school diploma. By me working in a factory, even though I might die working there, I would make enough money to put my kids through college, and let them be the bosses of the next generation. Ive already Lived most of my life and its my goal to let my children live a ruin life, to offer them the best, let them choose theyre future.In 1999 the fate of Most immigrants coming from Ireland will all depend on who the person is. If A person has a good education and are set to work, they have a good future, but if youre a bum in Ireland and youre coming to America to get a job, it would be more difficult this time in age, ev erything is begin taken over computers and simple jobs are just not around anymore everything involves thinking and education.The religion in Ireland was that of Catholicism. Despite the Penal laws it was clear that from the returns made by catholic Bishops to Dublin Castle that the church was better provided with priest then it had been a century earlier.

Free Essays - Achieving Understanding in Amy Tans Joy Luck Club :: Joy Luck Club Essays

Achieving Understanding in Amy Tans Joy Luck Club       In Amy Tans The Joy Luck Club the daughters are too juvenility and naive to understand their renders and the hardship they faced. But by the end on the novel the daughters are able to understand where their mothers came from through stories and experiences the mothers tell the daughters their background. This shows that the daughters overall dumb the mothers better because through time they were able to experience some of the same conflicts giving them a better understanding.   While Jing-Mei Woo is only one of quaternion young women whose stories integrate the novel, her story makes her seem to be the initial character, especially since her tale not only begins and ends the novel, scarce also strongly develops the theme and piece of the entire book. Her mother, Suyuan Woo was very concerned with people and things they lacked, Something was always missing...always needed improvements...not in balance (19). This reveals that Suyuan is lacking something herself and feels not good enough for her family. We later queer her past and the twin girls she left behind in China. This past life draws readers and makes the story more interesting but a little confusing at the same time. This past comes back to Jing-Mei when her mother dies and Jing-Mei begins to understand how hard it is to let go of the people you love, which makes her become more open, understanding and mature. She lost a mother she got to share her life with, but like her half sisters, they didnt understand their mother until she was gone to share the experience of being reunited. In a sense, her spirit was in that location to capture their happiness of finally meeting one another.   Although Waverly Jong is perceived in being an intelligent, ambitious, proud, and arrogant, she is constantly struggling with everything that happens in her life. Her unwillingness to adapt to change becomes a major conflict. Bite back your tongue(89) her mothers harshness on her while growing up may have caused her lack of self-confidence foiled but assurance. Not only that caused her to resent her mother but the way she introduced her to perfect strangers, This is my daughter Waver-ly Jong(101) just to tell people or make reference to the clock time article on Waverly cause her to become upset.

St John The Evangelist :: essays research papers

Throughout the human history there have been many saints who have lived among us. They followed Jesus principles and they did beau ideals will. One of the earliest saints was St. John, and he lived during the times of Jesus. His childhood and his date of birth are unknown, but it is well known that he was one of the dress hat followers and students of Jesus.St. John was the son of Zebedee, and the brother of St. James the Great with whom he was brought up to the trade of fishing. While Jesus was spreading his teachings and his miracles St. John entered public ministry. whence in his offshoot year of public ministry our Lord called him to be an Apostle. He was called to be an Apostle with his brother, as they were mending their nets on the sea of Galilee. St. John was the youngest of all the apostles, and outlived the others. It is warm to list in details, all the challenges that St. John faced. His challenges were truly followed by Gods will and helped many people. St. John was one of the first ones who understood and study how a person should live, how should he behave, and how moral his life should be. He was one of the first to follow those holy principles, and show them to others. One of his greatest challenges was writing a gospel. St. John the Evangelist is mostly known for writing a fourth Gospel. If you would ask any person to list his challenges almost everybody would tell you that he wrote a gospel. It is believed that he wrote a Gospel at the year of 96, after the death of Domitian. His object in writing it he tells us himself These things are written that you whitethorn believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God and that, believing, you may have life in His name. In order to write a Gospel you have to be truly involved in holy life by yourself. St. John went threw Jesus teachings and he opened himself to Jesus. All of his life he spent by expressing love to others and by implementing Jesus principles. Thus before writing a Gospel, St. J ohn experienced it all on himself. He also wrote three epistles. The first is called catholic, as addressed to all Christians, especially his converts. The other two are short, and directed to particular persons, to Gaius and to local church.

Comparing Characters in Charles Dickens Bleak House and Great Expectat

Dynamic and Static Characters in Charles Dickens marginal House and cracking Expectations Bleak House and Great Expectations atomic number 18 novels in which Charles Dickens develops a range of characters whose behavior, although dramatic, is somewhat far-fetched and implausible. However, it is precisely this implausibility, which allows Dickens to make powerful statements indicative of the condition of prudish England. Dickens has a fashion for giving characters exactly the amount of life required for their purpose in the novel. A tangible, dynamic character is likely to be multifaceted and intricate, however on that point are very few of these in Bleak House or Great Expectations. A few characters are complex, but passive and incapable of development. The way in which characters in the novels occupy their space is interesting, in that it adds to the drama, although in most cases it boosts the unlikelihood of the character. By examining some of the characters fro m each novel, it can be seen how this dramatic effect is achieved. Mr. put is an undercover detective. All three characters that he pursues in the novel ultimately end up dead. From his first introduction into Bleak House, he seems to be more mythical and illusory, alternatively than tangible. His first appearance in the novel is when he materializes, from nowhere, in front of Mr. Snagsby Mr. Snagsby is dismayed to see, standing with an thoughtful face between himself and the lawyer, at a little distance from the table, a person with a hat and stick in his hands, who was not there when he himself came in, and has not since entered by the limen or by either of the windows. It is not the case that Mr. Snagsby simply did not witness Mr. Bucket entering... ...o be rather monotonous. Nevertheless, these are all memorable characters from Bleak House and Great Expectations and serve their purpose in the novel well. Works Cited and Consulted Crawford, Iain. Pip and the Monster the Joys of Bondage. Studies in English lit 28 (1988) 625-45. Dickens, Charles. Great Expectations. Ed. Edgar Rosenberg. raw(a) York Norton, 1999. ----------- Bleak House. New York Penguin, 1985. French, A.L Imprisonment The Case of Great Expectations. Discussions of Charles Dickens, 82-92. William R. Clark, ed. Boston D.C. Heath & Co., 1961. Letwin, Shirley Robin. The military man in Trollope Individuality and Moral Conduct. Cambridge, MA Harvard UP, 1982. Platz, Norbert H. The Symbolic Dynamics of the Gentleman Idea in the Victorian Novel. Literaturwissenschaftliches 38 (1997) 147-65. Comparing Characters in Charles Dickens Bleak House and Great ExpectatDynamic and Static Characters in Charles Dickens Bleak House and Great Expectations Bleak House and Great Expectations are novels in which Charles Dickens develops a range of characters whose behavior, although dramatic, is somewhat far-fetched and implausible. However, it is precisely this im plausibility, which allows Dickens to make powerful statements indicative of the condition of Victorian England. Dickens has a flair for giving characters exactly the amount of life required for their purpose in the novel. A tangible, dynamic character is likely to be multifaceted and intricate, however there are very few of these in Bleak House or Great Expectations. A few characters are complex, but static and incapable of development. The way in which characters in the novels occupy their space is interesting, in that it adds to the drama, although in most cases it boosts the unlikelihood of the character. By examining some of the characters from each novel, it can be seen how this dramatic effect is achieved. Mr. Bucket is an undercover detective. All three characters that he pursues in the novel ultimately end up dead. From his first introduction into Bleak House, he seems to be more mythical and illusory, rather than tangible. His first appearance in the novel is when he materializes, from nowhere, in front of Mr. Snagsby Mr. Snagsby is dismayed to see, standing with an attentive face between himself and the lawyer, at a little distance from the table, a person with a hat and stick in his hands, who was not there when he himself came in, and has not since entered by the door or by either of the windows. It is not the case that Mr. Snagsby simply did not witness Mr. Bucket entering... ...o be rather monotonous. Nevertheless, these are all memorable characters from Bleak House and Great Expectations and serve their purpose in the novel well. Works Cited and Consulted Crawford, Iain. Pip and the Monster the Joys of Bondage. Studies in English Literature 28 (1988) 625-45. Dickens, Charles. Great Expectations. Ed. Edgar Rosenberg. New York Norton, 1999. ----------- Bleak House. New York Penguin, 1985. French, A.L Imprisonment The Case of Great Expectations. Discussions of Charles Dickens, 82-92. William R. Clark, ed. Boston D.C. Heath & Co., 1961. Letwin, Shirley Robin. The Gentleman in Trollope Individuality and Moral Conduct. Cambridge, MA Harvard UP, 1982. Platz, Norbert H. The Symbolic Dynamics of the Gentleman Idea in the Victorian Novel. Literaturwissenschaftliches 38 (1997) 147-65.

Efficient America: Women, Progressivism, and the New Meaning of Citizenship :: Essays Papers

Efficient America Women, Progressivism, and the New Meaning of Citizenship The end of the 19th Century brought with it what Woodrow Wilson called, a new sense of union, a cease-fire in sectional political strife that ended a century-long conflict in the United States, merely the effect of the Industrial Revolution were already ushering in a new kind of domestic debate. This one would be couched in much of the same rhetoric of rights and comparability and freedom that characterized the previous conflict, but it would address not the political functions of the American government, but the scope of its stinting authority and what it owed the American the great unwashed by deservingness of that authority. A new national obsession with science and efficiency emerged in tandem with this debate, and the old foundations of the re mankind began to be evaluated by scientific rather than philosophical or religious standards. Caught in the fray of this conflict were the popular reform moveme nts of the early 20th Century, whose causes came to be viewed in the same economic terms that characterized the major(ip) national issues of the day. The womens movement was among those that exchanged its 19th Century rhetoric of rights based on religion, Enlightenment philosophy, and Constitutional ideals for a platform that emphasized the economic utility of increased rights and a widened sphere for women, and that fell more closely in line with the modern progressive philosophies of pragmatism and scientific rationalism. The emphasis on enhancing national economic productivity by strict scientific divisions of labor, on applying science to the routines of daily life to make it more efficient, more healthy, and more sanitary, changed the importation of citizenship in America. With the blessings of progressives, the federal government made its first major entrance into the private lives of its citizensregulating industry, economy, and urban lifeand in doing so, became a protector of the people from the tyranny of economic power rather than just political power. A citizen became an economic unit, and productivity became linked with patriotism. Women, it came to be argued, should get the vote and should enter the public sphere not to fulfill their duty as political citizens of the United States who needed representation on the grounds that it was consistent with American political ideology, but to become full economic citizensmore efficient producers and workers within their own sections of the public sphere. At the end of the 19th Century, the Seneca Falls approach still garnered intelligence but was even then giving way to the new arguments for womens rights.

Efficient America: Women, Progressivism, and the New Meaning of Citizenship :: Essays Papers

Efficient America Women, Progressivism, and the New Meaning of Citizenship The end of the 19th vitamin C brought with it what Woodrow Wilson called, a new sense of union, a cease-fire in sectional political strife that ended a century-long conflict in the United States, solely the effects of the Industrial Revolution were already ushering in a new kind of domestic debate. This one would be couched in much of the same palaver of rights and equality and freedom that characterized the previous conflict, but it would address not the political functions of the American government, but the scope of its economic authority and what it owed the American people by virtue of that authority. A new national obsession with science and efficiency emerged in tandem with this debate, and the old foundations of the republic began to be evaluated by scientific rather than philosophical or religious standards. Caught in the fray of this conflict were the popular reform movements of the early 20th Cen tury, whose causes came to be viewed in the same economic monetary value that characterized the major national issues of the day. The womens movement was among those that exchanged its 19th Century rhetoric of rights based on religion, Enlightenment philosophy, and Constitutional ideals for a platform that accent the economic utility of increased rights and a widened sphere for women, and that fell more than closely in line with the modern progressive philosophies of pragmatism and scientific rationalism. The furiousness on enhancing national economic productivity by strict scientific divisions of labor, on applying science to the routines of daily life to make it more efficient, more healthy, and more sanitary, changed the meaning of citizenship in America. With the blessings of progressives, the federal government made its first major entrance into the private lives of its citizensregulating industry, economy, and urban lifeand in doing so, became a defender of the people fro m the tyranny of economic power rather than just political power. A citizen became an economic unit, and productivity became linked with patriotism. Women, it came to be argued, should get the vote and should engrave the public sphere not to fulfill their duty as political citizens of the United States who needed representation on the grounds that it was consistent with American political ideology, but to become full economic citizensmore efficient producers and workers within their own sections of the public sphere. At the end of the 19th Century, the Seneca Falls approach settle down garnered recognition but was even then giving way to the new arguments for womens rights.

Naukri.Com Essay

COM Industry- eBusiness is the integration of a comp whatevers assembly line including products, procedures, and work over the Internet. pic You turn your company from a handicraft into an eBusiness when you integrate your sales, selling, accounting, manufacturing, and operations with your web situate activities. An eBusiness uses the Internet as a center for all business activities. eCommerce is the online component of an eBusiness. E-business may be defined as the conduct of industry,trade,and commercialism using the computer networks. Naukri. om is an Indian pipeline search engine operating in India launched by Sanjeev Bikhchandani in March1997. This employment site allows businesses to place channel announcements and find come on through resumes. People looking for employement can post their resumes, ad links to their hearth page and browse the ads and look at potential employers home pages as well. The site was established in 1997 by Info Edge (India) Ltd. In fo Edge is a listed company on the Bombay Stock Exchange and subject Stock Exchange. It went public in November 2006. As of March 31, 2011 Naukri. om had a database of about 25 million registered affair seekers and over 80,000 live job listings from Corporate Customers. During the monetary year 2010-11 Naukri. com swear outd approximately 42,000 Corporate Customers, an average of about 12,000 resumes were added while about 72,000 were modified daily in the Naukri. com database in Fiscal year 2010-11. Overview In India Naukri. com has been bedded at 22nd spot as per Alexa traffic rankings. It has a global ranking of 452. 2,480 sites share their links in the job portal. Usually almost 9 minutes is spent by each viewer in the site nd every page is viewed almost 42 second approximately. Naukri is the ahead(p) job site in India and is the premier brand of Info Edge. It has single-handedly given a new dimension to the concept of employment in the country. After it was found the co mpany has left behind every competitor. Naukri. com as a recruitment agency offers employment related services to both regular job seekers and leading view agencies and recruiters and corporate houses. Its services are available in both India as well as outside the country. The jobsite offers a wide range of services such as Response Management Tools and Resume Database Access.Among its major services is recruiter branding solutions, Naukri PayCheck, Naukri. com Magazine, Resdex, Naukri on Mobile and Chat and job postings. The site has, at any time, 200,000 jobs and serves almost 35,500 corporate houses. It also publishes a useful report named Naukri JobSpeak, which is brought out on a monthly basis. Corporate strategy Vision Vision is to effect a platform where, in 20 years time, every Indian who is looking for a job can find one. Mission Every somebody looking for a Job should irritate one. Initial Strategy (1997-2000) The initial market placeing strategy was geared toward s fulfilling two objectives.The first objective was to get the companies and placement consultants to list their jobs on the web site and the second one was to get job seekers to visit the site. Towards achieving the first objective, an intensive search exercise was carried out. The team went through the previous issues of several newspapers and magazines, went to libraries, scanned Yellow Pages and built a mailing list that contained names and addresses of approximately twenty four thousand companies and placement consultants who had placed an publicizing for jobs in the last five years.Letters were mailed out to them with information about the service. At the same time, another list of newspapers and magazines was compiled. Letters were also displace to these newspapers and magazines informing them of the introduction of this unique service. Advertising was also done but on a very small scale. It was restricted to small-classified displays in newspapers. In effect, initially, th e marketing strategy of Naukri. com was based on direct mailing and it was actually a very low constitute one. Current Strategy (2001-2004) The marketing strategy currently being followed by Naukri. om is two pronged one, in the words of their marketing manager Ayesha Kapur. Naukri. com imagees out to two segments primarily the job seekers and the employers. To polish off out to recruiters, Naukri. com has a 130-140 strong sales force across the country that go around and meet the clients face to face, introduce them to the products and explain them. The mechanism adopted to reach out to the other segment, that is, the job seekers, is aggressive advertising. The aggressive advertising has kept momentum only during the last year (2003-2004). Naukri. om has been advertising on television and the print media and is promptly exploring radio as a medium for advertising its services and products. Advertisement on television has included promotion during the IndiaAustralia cricket g ame series beam on the national T. V. network, Doordarshan, in the year 2001. Environmental factors The major external forces are SUPPLY AND DEMAND If the company has a demand for more(prenominal) professionals and in that location is limited supply in the market for the professionals demanded by the company, then the company will nonplus to depend upon internal sources by providing them special training and phylogenesis programs.Attributes and Characteristics Faster search Secured access Personalized data Customization of data Privacy protocol Huge records for recruiter and applicant to search from Cost effective Global reach Reduction in recruitment time by 60% Usability from stakeholder points of view For job hunters Ease of access to millions of jobs. Personalized format Secure login Global reach Application time is reduced Resume developments For employers Connectivity to millions of job hunters Real time information updates Relevant search E apps to manage resonses Ease in crack information For government Increase in GDP Increase in tax revenues Low unemployable rate IT Infrastructure requirement pic 5 social class model of naukri. com infrastructure pic Firewall It is a software application mounted on a server at the point where a company is attached to the internet. Its take is to prevent unauthorized access into the company from outsiders Demiliterized zone In a DMZ configuration, most computers on the LAN run behind a firewall connected to a public network like the internet. One or more computers also run outside the firewall in the DMZ. Cost benefit analysis They do the market more efficient by reducing search cost and transaction cost and then making it attractive to get into this market.It is important to control the reasons for naukri. com and other similar websites registering excellent growth. The job market existed before but naukri. com and other similar websites took initiatives to facilitate certain acti vities performed in this market. They made the market more efficient by reducing search cost and transaction cost thus making it attractive to get into this market. In this case, the efficiency in the market also brings in effectiveness as the cycle time to close the transaction becomes short leading to increased satisfaction. That is, when market becomes more efficient, trapped look upon is released which means a new revenue stream for the business organization.Trapped value is also released when a new value system gets created, for example, the value of a new found community of recruiters and job seekersthey existed earlier but as standalone entities. This leads to savings in cost to search the talent. For recruiters the cost advantage comes from reducing the cost of print ads and other traditional methods. Also they get the great talent quickly so that they can hire the person for the position and continue their operations. For job hunters it saves their cost of running around f or hunting down the required jobs. Challenges in Naukri. com business pic People- Convenience and connectivity ensures people are just click away to get the right kind of job.The ease of accessing the database for application for the jobs has made it easier for people to search the jobs which suit them. However with increasing number of applicants the increasing database makes it difficult to manage the prodigious pool of offers. Moreover some co-success factors support both efficiency and effectiveness communities as parts of e-customer relationship management programs improve customer retention , thus avoiding high costs of acquiring new customers. Implementation Its easy to describe e-commerce and the benefits resulting from its implementation. Its not so easy to develop and deploy e-commerce systems. Companies slang faced significant hurdles in these efforts Cost.E-commerce requires sophisticated, distributed systems based on new technologies that can touch many of a companys core business exploites. As with all major business systems, e-commerce systems require significant investments in hardware, software, staffing, and training. Businesses need comprehensive solutions that are easy to use and thus help change cost-effective deployment. Value. Businesses want to know that their investments in e-commerce systems will produce a return. They deploy e-commerce systems to achieve business objectives such as lead generation, business process automation, and cost reduction. They want to ensure that these objectives are met.Businesses also need flexible solutions so that they can easily adapt a system to meet ever-changing business conditions. Security. Because the Internet provides almost universal access, a companys assets must be protected against misuse, whether accidental or malicious. At the same time, that protection should not compromise a sites usability or performance nor make its development too complex. There is an additional security issue Bec ause e-commerce systems alter the collection and usage of sensitive information about individual customers, companies also need to protect the privacy of their customers. Existing Systems. Companies need to be able to draw rein the positionality of existing applications into e-commerce systems.Most companies new to e-commerce already use information technology to conduct business in non-Internet environments in existing marketing, order management, billing, inventory, distribution, and customer service systems. The Internet represents an alternative and complementary way to do business. Its imperative that Internet e-commerce systems integrate existing systems in a manner that avoids duplicate function and maintains usability, performance, and reliability. Interoperability. Interoperability here means the linking of trading partners applications in order to exchange business documents. These systems must work together well in order to achieve business objectives. For example, the order-management application of a business partner must interoperate with the inventory applications of its suppliers.Interoperation between businesses reduces costs and improves performance. It enables the implementation of more dynamic value chains. Business partners Brijj- professional networking Merination- view material Jeevansaathi- Indian matrimonial site Allcheck deals- real estate in india Zomato- food guide 99 acres- real estate in india Shiksha- education and race Mydala. com- deal offering site PEST Analysis POLITICAL 1. Government support for increasing Internet penetration in India. 2. Tax benefits to corporate. 3. Government form _or_ system of government to increase jobs 4. Pumping money in the infrastructure ECONOMICAL 1. Booming Indian economy. 2. Increase in Indian GDP 3.Increase in ratio of employed to unemployed people 4. Base of internet users multiplied by 10 to 11 times in last 6 years. SOCIAL 1. People drip more time on internet 2. Rise of social netwo rking site 3. High priority on time and convenience. 4. Improving usage of Broadband and high computer literacy. TECHNOLOGICAL 1. increase in broadband services 2. Increasing penetration rate of broadband and wireless internet. 3. Better managed E business site for ease, privacy and advancements in net banking. SWOT Analysis naukri. com has the first mover advantage. It is still paying off till date with naukri having the best brand regain in terms of job portals. The site design has received great acceptance among Indians. (better than monster and timesjobs) It has the experience of being in the market for almost a decade. It has a large market share while monsterindia and Timesjobs are far behind. It ranked as Indias number one job site on all parameters page view, reach, and traffic. It has the advantage of a clear revenue model since its inception. While it has a few services that are free to both job seekers and job providers, the majority of their services are paid for by the recruiters. It has a very committed team. This is clear from the visits made by them to establish contact. It is known to have one of the best work atmospheres. Weaknesses It has a large number of employees and hence the company incurs a high cost for managing salesforce. There is a high aim of attrition. Employer Branding on Naukri. com is hardly visible which is a major product flaw on the portal Opportunities Internet users are increasing day by day. Approximately, 7. 5 million urban Indians are using the net. Further, with broadband infrastructure being rolled out, there are more opportunities on the net. The scope of online recruitment is, therefore, increasing. Like any other online recruitment company, it has the advantage of being a low cost medium of recruitment.

Global Warming and Human Population Essay

Forest loss is directly-associated with human population growth. In 1921 human population was 25. 13 crores and forests cover was 104. 05 one thousand million hectares. By 1989, forests cover reduced to 64. 01 m ha, while human population in 1991 reached to 84. 39 crores. Deforestation is due to diversion of forest land to agricultural land, river vale projects, roads, industiy and urbanization, transmission lines and activities like shifting cultivation, fuelwood and timber collection overgrazing fires and acid rains (vide Rana, 2006).Green wealth index (GWI) is an indicator of green wealth possessed by a State or Union Territory and Green Protection index (GP1) is a qualitative calculation of protection accorded examining forests cover, recorded forest area and saved area coverage. Andaman and Nicobar Islands are richest in their green wealth with GWI at 0. 747, while Sikkim for protecting its natural heritage ranks highest on GPI scale with 0. 903. All India GWI is a moody 0. 19 3 (Ghosh, 2004). A total of 0. 397 m ha forests loss in Madhya Pradesh is recorded with tribal areas accounted for about 0. 219 m ha. And in Andhra Pradesh forest loss was about 0. 46 m ha in tribal areas.This trend continues in Northeast including Assam (State of the Forest report, 1999). Various ethnic groups practice various forms of gardening as of import stay of economy in NE region. Rice is major crop though maize and millets are grown. Traditional agricultural systems are Zabo, terrace pull and jhum or shifting cultivation. Zabo, an indigenous farming system of Nagaland combines agro-forestry and animal husbandry and is common to individually owned lands of about 2. 5 ha. For terrace construction, the area is cleaned by knapting and burning forest vegetation.Jhum cultivation is practiced roughly by 5 lakhs tribal families. A total land area of 4. 36 m ha is being affected by jhum cultivation, out of which 2. 7 m ha is in NE region. Jhum cycle has reduced to 4-5 long time in Meghalaya, 5-10 course of studys in Mizoram and Tripura, 6-15 socio-economic classs in Nagaland and Manipur and 5-10 years in Arunachal Pradesh. Such cultivation outlets in soil erosion and loss of soil fertility. In areas, where bamboos are cut and burnt, K- rich ash accumulates for jhum crop. This fallow land invites several weeds and it takes a very long time for soil, to support crop plant growth.Modern agriculture with longer cycles of 10 or more years and agro-forestry system are suggested for control of jhum (Sharma. 2004). Problems relating to use and conservation of natural resources in developing countries are qualitatively different than those of developed countries. In developed countries, the primary issue is protection of what remains in nature, but in India conservation of natural resources must needfully consider the claims of human population on these resources for their sustenance and livelihood.Such population is dependent on forests and is among the poorest , as forests form life support systems for them. Any wakeless and administrative regime must aim to judiciously utilize these resources for addressing the concerns of livelihood while ensuring sustainability of their use (Hazra, 2002). Essay on orbiculate Warming Causes, Effects and Remedies Global warming is the greatest challenge facing our planet. It is, in fact, the increase in the temperature of the populaces neon- surface air. It is one of the near current and widely discussed factors. It has far-reaching refer on biodiversity and climatic conditions of the planet.Several current trends clearly demonstrate that world(prenominal) warming is directly impacting on rising sea levels, the melting of ice caps and monumental worldwide climate changes. In short, global warming represents a fundamental threat to all living things on earth. Global average temperature rose significantly during the past century. The prevailing scientific view is that most of the temperature incre ases since mid-20th century has been political campaignd by increases in atmospherical greenhouse gas concentrations produced by human activity. Most scientists conform to that planets temperature has risen 0. degree Celsius since 1900 and will continue to increase at an increasing rate. As a result, the world is getting warmer.The year 1990 was the hottest year in the last century. Together with 1991, the years of 1983, 1987, 1988 and 1989 have been measured to be the warmest six years in the last hundred years. The year 1991 was the second warmest year of the past century. The consequences of the rise in temperature is being felt all over the globe the findings of scientific research done in this field reveal that the temperature of the earth is likely to rise from 1. 4C to 5. C within a period of 100 years. Unfortunately, the imbalance which we have created between our life and earth is already showing the signs disasters in the form of flood, cyclones, landslides, tsunami, dro ught, etc. If the imbalance continues to rise, one day this will pose a question mark on the existence of this planet. snow dioxide (C02) which is an important constituent of environment is make a warming effect on the earths surface. It increases the evaporation of water into the atmosphere. Since water vapour itself is a greenhouse gas, this make outs still more warming.The warming causes more water vapour to be evaporated. The C02 level is expected to rise in future due to current burning of fossil fuels and landuse change. The rate of rise will depend largely on uncertain economic, sociological, technological and natural developments. Other gases such as methane, CFCs, nitric oxide, tropospheric ozone are also responsible for global warming. Increases in all these gases are due to explosive population growth, increased industrial expansion, technological advancement, deforestation and increment urbanization, etc. Trees play a significant role in the global light speed cyc le.They are the largest land-based mechanism for removing carbon dioxide from the air. Deforestation is checking these positive processes. It is the second normal cause of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Deforestation is responsible for 25 per cent of all carbon emissions entering the atmosphere, by the burning and cutting of 34 million acres of trees each year. Everyday over 5500 acres of rainforest are destroyed. As a consequence of massive loss of forests, global CO, levels rise close to 0. 4 per cent each year, the levels not experienced on this planet for millions of years. As we know the forests are the great absorbers of CO.There is a close sexual intercourse between global warming and population growth. Today the large population on earth is using the technologies which are destructive for the earth. Approximately, 80 per cent of atmospheric C02 increases are due to mans use of fossil fuels either in the form of coal, gas or oil. A large portion of carbon emission is attribut ed to the burning of gasoline in internal-combustion engine of vehicles. Vehicles with poor gas mileage contribute the most to global warming. Besides, the sulphur group gas is the most harmful for this. Its contribution is 30 per cent in global warming.This gas is also emitted from the burning of fossil fuels. Increase in global temperatures will cause rise in sea level. It will lead to melting of glaciers, changes in rainfall patterns, increased intensity and frequency of extreme weather. As per the latest come after report the rate of melting of glaciers has seen sharp increase in recent times. Even those glaciers are affected from global warming which have been considered permanent. The shrinking of glaciers is passing play to pose a major problem of drinking water. The sea levels as a result of melting of glaciers have risen from 0. 35 mm to 0. 4 mm.Scientists have warned in their reports that most of the glaciers will disappear within a period of 15 to 25 years. It will crea te problems of drinking water and provender grains in most of the North American countries. India is not unaffected from it. The Himalayan glaciers have shrunk about 30 per cent after 1970. The rise in sea levels is a major cause of concern. A large number of cities located in coastal areas will submerge in the sea. Besides, many island countries will last lose their existence and will be washed away from the surface of the earth. The damage of rising sea levels is diverse.Buildings and roads close to the water could be swamp and they could suffer damage from hurricanes and tropical storms. Experts believe that global warming could increase the intensity of hurricanes by over 50 per cent. In addition, as the sea rises, shore erosion takes place, particularly on steep banks. Wetlands are lost as the level rises. Rise in atmospheric temperature will lead to the outbreak of airborne and water-borne diseases. It would also contribute to the rise in death caused by heat. The problem of drought would be frequent. Consequently, malnutrition and starvation will pose serious challenge beforehand humanity.Global warming is a great threat to the flora and fauna of the earth. A large number of species of them may become extinct. The expanse of desert would increase. dis targeted rainfall and rising temperature could add to the intensity and frequency of dusty storm. This in turn will immensely affect the quality of agricultural land, ultimately causing adverse effect on agricultural produce. It would have far-reaching socio-economic impact. In Indian context, the impact of global warming is a matter of grave concern.As is substantially known, India is mainly an agricultural country and agriculture here is gamble of the monsoon, e. . largely depending on rainfall. Though it is to affect the whole country, the worst likely impact would be on central and northern India which is high-yielding parts of the country. These are the regions which produce the largest agricul tural yield. The rise in atmospheric temperature and fall in rain would naturally result in decline in crop production. Moreover, it would have great effect on biodiversity as well. The growing concerns over global temperatures have led to the nations, states, corporations and individuals to eliminate out a plan of action to avert the situation.As a result the worlds primary international agreement on combating global warming was reached in Kyoto in 1997 which came to be known as Kyoto Protocol. However, ten years have passed the situation does not appear to be very changed. It seems that the outgrowth countries are not very serious about its devastating effects. In addition, forestation can be of great help in this regard. Planting more trees and bring down timber cuts worldwide will help restore the imbalance. Secondly, we must follow on environmental policy of reduce, reuse, recycle, i. e. promoting the reuse of anything.Thirdly, the use of fuel-efficient vehicles should be pr omoted as these vehicles have lower emissions of harmful gases. Fourthly, every individual should be aware of the importance of the protecting environment. Besides, eco- friendly technologies must be promoted, and must be substituted with the technologies which cause great emission of global warming gases. Public awareness campaign can be of great help in this regard because unless each and every individual is aware only governments effect cannot bring desired difference. Words Essay on Corruption in India (free to read)Corruption is not a impudently phenomenon in India. It has been prevalent in society since ancient times. History reveals that it was present even in the Mauryan period. Great scholar Kautilya mentions the pressure of forty types of corruption in his contemporary society. It was practised even in Mughal and Sultanate period. When the East India Company took control of the country, corruption reached new height. Corruption in India has become so common that mass now are averse to thinking of public life with it. Corruption has been defined variously by scholars.But the simple meaning of it is that corruption implies sexual perversion of morality, integrity, character or job out of mercenary motives, i. e. bribery, without any regard to honour, right and justice. In other words, undue favour for any one for whatever monetary or other gains is corruption. Simultaneously, depriving the genuinely deserving from their right or privilege is also a corrupt practice. Shrinking from ones duty or dereliction of duty are also forms of corruption. Besides, thefts, wastage of public property constitute varieties of corruption. Dishonesty, exploitation, malpractices, scams and scandals re various manifestations of corruption.Corruption is not a uniquely Indian phenomenon. It is witnessed all over the world in developing as well as developed countries. It has spread its tentacles in every sphere of life, namely business concern administration, politics, o fficialdom, and services. In fact, there is hardly any sector which can be characterised for not being infected with the vices of corruption. Corruption is rampant in every instalment and every section of society, barring the social status attached to it. Nobody can be considered free from corruption from a high ranking officer.To germ out the evil of corruption from society, we need to make a comprehensive code of conduct for politicians, legislatures, bureaucrats, and such code should be strictly enforced. Judiciary should be given more independence and initiatives on issues related to corruption. Special courts should be set-up to take up such issues and speedy trial is to be promoted. Law and order machinery should be allowed to work without political interference. NGOs and media should come forward to create awareness against corruption in society and educate people to combat this evil. Only and so we would be able to save our system from being collapsed.

Gender in the Matrix Essay

The Matrix became peerless of the most notable get hold ofs released in 1999 which provided rich optic effects and a thrilling storyline. Most of the scenes from this film play within the context of the future, a visual offering of year 2199 wrapped in realistic reality where machines govern and control forgiving actions. Though the film deals with the relationship between machines and macrocosm, every character in the plot represents an underlying gender-related interaction.Since the film basically revolves on the cyber world in the form of a simulation created by machines, gender specific plots be not explicitly conveyed throughout the whole continuance of The Matrix. The following discussion will focus on some of the gender dynamics present within the film. The paper will analyze some split of the film where norms of gender are either contradicted or affirmed. As previously mentioned, the world in which the main characters believed to be real, is manipulated by intellig ent machines.These machines utilized human body heat to convert into energy duration they control human behaviors within the matrix. In the general sense machines are considered as a non-living thing created by man and from this perspective, machines do not have a specific gender. In this film they can be considered as androgynous, the Agents who can take some(prenominal) virtual body for their usage is an example on how the machines in this film are androgynous.Contrary to the real world, these androgynous machines have the power over humans with no concept of male and female. Somehow, it projects a balanced and equal form of gender treatment. First of all, there is no direct interaction between genders since their personal bodies are trapped inside a tank connected to the simulation. Second, all humans are used and contained for a single purpose that no new(prenominal) humans can dominate. Seeing the domination of machines as a projection of gender balance, the concept of the ONE enters the scene.It has been revealed from the start that Neo the male protagonist of the film is the savior of the human kind. This can be regarded as an obvious manifestation of upholding patriarchy, since the real world is where men are associated with power. From the world matrix where men and women are controlled, a man is predicted by the Oracle to save the humans from the machines imprisonment. Naturally, to the films audience, Neos success is attributed to the male strength and the power of patriarchy.The female character of Trinity shows her strength which is equal to her male counterparts. However, this strength seems to compliment her appearance which resembles Neo, who has the same shape of face, same sunglasses, and same fight moves. From earlier scenes of the film, Neo mistaken her for a man who cracked a difficult code called IRS d-base (The Matrix 1999), a scene where intelligence are stereotyped among males is reinforced. This film has been said to draw out some of its concept from theological concepts.Neo being the ONE symbolized as the God who is the savior of humankind while Trinity derived from Gods three dimensional forms represents Neo not just in physical traits. The kiss she gave to Neo when he died miraculously bring to him which can be compared to the Holy Spirit (Diaz-Diocaretz & Herbrechter 200). The issue of gender in The Matrix tackles the usual gender norms of exhibiting male power and dominance. The balance of gender interaction within the simulated environment became the antagonist throughout the film where the characters try to escape.Agent Smith said that the real world is shaped by bereavement and suffering and the purpose for the creation of the Matrix is to build a perfect world for humans where everyone is treated equally. Ironically, the concept of equality in the film is one thing that needs to be eradicated.Works CitedDiaz-Diocaretz, Myriam. , and Herbrechter, Stefan. The Matrix in Theory. New York Rodopi , 2006. The Matrix. Dir. Wachowski Brothers. Perf. Keanu Reeves and Laurence Fishburne. Warner Bros. , 1999.

Major depressive disorder in children

Depression is fast becoming one of the or so widespread illnesses affecting the youth today. It is a lot described in laymans terms as a condition in which a certain soulfulness feels sadder than normal, as having the case of the discolor, or of being uncharacteristically disheartened and miser fitted. However, Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), also known as clinical slump, is characterized as a psycho put downical disorder wherein an individual is rendered incap competent of removing himself or herself from a persistent find of sadness and a lessened interest in all of his or her activities.These symptoms must persist for a period of no less than 2 weeks in order for a diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder to be made. (Watt & Markham, 2005) Other symptoms of MDD include feelings of worthlessness, significant angle change, listlessness, thoughts of death.Watt & Markham (2005) posit that MDD has biologic factors in its etiology in barbarianren. These involve genetic make-up a nd hormonal imbalance. Other factors contributing to MDD include psychological and environmental factors. Psychological factors may involve functions of learned helplessness, melancholia, and depressive character traits which all contribute to the eventual self-defeating way by which the shaver leave view the world.environmental factors include stressful life events such as the loss of a loved one or a childs negative fancy in one of the social roles he or she plays. Social roles in children often include those they have in their families and in school. Not being able to successfully fulfill these roles can again lead to self-defeating thoughts and to feelings of worthlessness in the child.Psychological, environmental and biological factors all play an equal role in contributing to a childs eventual experience of MDD. It is most likely that all these factors are at play to a certain microscope stage in a clinically depressed child. What is clear, however, is that the foundation of MDD in the depressive childs life is far-reaching and broad. It stems from many different aspects of the childs persona and as such affects all these aspects in turn. All three factors must be taken into consideration.However, because children are still in an unbalanced state of development, their psychological and biological states are still in a precarious condition. This renders Major Depressive Disorder in this age group closed to certain types of preaching for depression. Only a few types of discussion have been found to have efficacy in reducing depressive symptoms in children. And even then, these few treatments have not all been able to provide truly child-friendly ways of dealing with depression.virtuoso of the treatments for MDD, which has received much interest from researchers, is pharmacotherapy. This involves the intake of drugs, tricylcic antidepressants (TCAs) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), to suppress and decrease the symptoms of MDD. How ever, it has been seen that most research findings conflict in presentation of efficacy of pharmacotherapy treatment for adolescents and prepubescent children. (Milin et al, 2003)Electroconvulsive therapy, which involves introducing an electric shock to the individuals system, also has greater efficacy in treating MDD in adults. However, the application of this treatment on adolescents and prepubescent children proves to be problematic. (Milin et al, 2003) Numerous ethical issues must be considered before psychologists and psychiatrists can test electroconvulsive therapy on children.One of the safest and least dangerous treatments that are applicable to clinically depressive children is psychosocial therapy. This includes Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), interpersonal therapy, and family therapy. Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder, however, may not be limited to however one type. Combinations of the different classes of treatment can be made in order to create a greater cha nce of improvement and recovery for the individual. (Milin et al, 2003) unite CBT with antidepressant medication has shown results that prove the combination to be more effective in treating depression than simply applying one of the given treatments alone. (Rupke et al, 2006) Combining CBT with different psychosocial therapies such as family therapy, wherein the family is educated on the condition of the child, has also proven to be a much more effective treatment style. (Asarnow et al, 2002)Personally, I would choose to do CBT over the other therapies because it provides the most flexibility in terms of addressing specific types of depression experienced by the individual. (Asarnow et al, 2002) In treating a child with MDD, individualization is essential. The treatment style that would best fit the childs lifestyle and personality should be chosen. The CBT sessions will be fitted to match specific aspects of the childs depression.The prototypic step I would take would be to asse ss the child in terms of the type of depression he or she has. We would then pinpoint, together, the negative self-acting thoughts he or she is prone to have. We would trace the specific situations and environments which lead him or her to this kind of negative thinking and to behavior characteristic of depression. Upon establishment of the childs behavior patterns, goals for the CBT sessions will be set. To what extent does the child want to reduce his or her symptoms of depression? This will allow him or her to develop a sense of involvement in his or her own treatment. Having the child set his own goals gives him or her greater motivation to accomplish them.At first the child will be asked to simply monitor himself or herself by keeping a log of his or her behavior. The log will consist of the initially pinpointed negative thoughts and behaviors that the child has chosen to change. The instances he or she has pinpointed will also be monitored and kept in the log. The first 2 wee ks of data in the log will arrange as the baseline. The log will be assessed by the child with my guidance after baseline is set.He or she will be guided to bonk the cognitive distortions he or she makes in certain situations. These may include catastrophizing, black and white thinking, fortune telling and the like. These are maladaptive and only add-on the childs sense of misery, which is a chief characteristic of MDD. For example, if the child admits to always thinking that everything that goes wrong is his or her fault, he or she will be shown the irrational foundations of this belief. Afterwards, different ways of reacting and behaving will be conceptualized in order to replace the previous behavior and cognitions. The child will be guided to get to that external situations and individuals are outside his or her control but that the way he or she reacts, his or her perception of these events is what he or she can control.The log will be act in order for the child and myself to monitor his or her progress. In it, he or she will also place lucubrate of assigned homework. Homework will involve practicing the young behaviors and way of thinking we devised together. This is essential to the CBT sessions. The bulk of the therapys success will rely on the childs constant practice. Coping mechanism such as relaxation techniques, meditation and the like will be taught in order to assure continued progress in the childs treatment from depression. These coping and relaxation mechanisms will also be assigned as homework.Later on, activities which the child previously avoided will be performed in the hopes of creating for the child a new schema. This will instill in the child a renewed self-confidence and a new self-image. Other social activities will also be pinpointed, in which the child will engage, as a means of reinforcing the positive schema he or she is gaining about himself or herself and the world. Family intervention therapy may also be an option shoul d the childs family want it.ReferencesAsarnow, J. R., Scott, C. V., & Mintz, J. (2002). A combined cognitive-behavioral family education intervention for depression in children a treatment development study. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 26(2), 221-229Rupke, S. J., Blecke, D., & Renfrow, M. (2006). Cognitive therapy for depression. American Family Physician, 73(1), 83-86Walker, S., & Chow, J. (2003). Major depressive disorder in adolescence a brief review of the recent treatment literature. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 48(9),600-606Watts, S. J., & Markham, R. A. (2005). Etiology of depression in children. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 32(3), 266-670

E-Commerce Infrastructure Essay

EXECUTIVE SUMMARYGlobalization has primarily made it think qualified for global dispense and wrinkle connection between neighboring countries as a trend of the present society exist. Certainly, the aim of the human society to re chief(prenominal) at bottom the background signal of economic progress and continue aiming for best(p) results for the sake of profit competent advancements in the society, the emergence of different types of moving ines has been much possible to occur. Business enthusiasts became braver than they usually ar in facing the gainsays of establishing unseasoned wave contrast entities, which they believe, would bring transfer to the human society and how they view the modern living. Hence, avocation cheeks who be phonationicularly onerous to make it deep down the perseverance of the global batch moldiness be able to realize that the idea of globalization is affecting the major companies worldwide. To be able to implement the changes necessita te by a certain brass section with regards the implementation of the new progressive surgical procedures towards a more technologically-coping scheme the family wanting the change needs to attend to several aras of consideration. As for this matter, it is first important to discuss several elemental exceptionalors that could rattling affect a certain placements capability of facing the changes that it ought to engage with within the global scene. The growing developments that technology and communications prep be taken so far have been an essential part of the growing frame of technological applications. Along with the technological advancements, the cordial living of humans besides is further enhanced. Both economic and social vivificationstyles were advancing exclusively thither was no rest in incurring the best possible progress that the developers of technological systems wanted. With the introduction of computers to the society, the easier way of living and co mpleting everyday tasks has conk come forth a trend for legion(predicate) industrial workers. (Deitel, et al, 2004, 15) However, as mentioned earlier, the development in the eyes of the ones who argon in charge of the enhancement of the operating systems is never ending. Hence, although there were already about great achievements in terms of the developed operating systems, things got better each time there are new innovations introduced (Warford, 2005, 41). Most of the celestial spheres of the ideal society actually depended on technology ever since the time it was first introduced to the human civilization. It could non be denied then that among the give tongue to sectors are worry entities.The profits and World Wide Web E-commerce infra social fundamental lawIntroduction The e-merchandising system is practically an approach that is developed using the present technological advancement particularly in the information technology field. This strategy utilizes primarily th e communication elements of the information technology such(prenominal) as finished interactive advertising, search engine marketing, blog marketing, let out advertising, viral marketing, web postings, and former(a)s to promote the harvest- time, services and image of the occupation organic law towards the public.In analyzing the e-marketing strategy of an online constitution, it is important to intricately study the primarily the website of the express organization and the marketing principles embedded on it. By looking into their main website, one can critically know the structure, goals, operational approach, and other germane(predicate) facts of the organization, which are relevant facts for the development of the personal perception and image of the calling for the public awareness.This website tornados vast informations about the organization from their ideal goals, organizational nature, and even off their business line enterprise conditions, which can be derive d from their downloadable annual and social responsibility report. In addition, the e-marketing approach of this website not only caters to the sale nature but to a fault to the information campaign and human slap-up sourcing of the organization as offered by their options of fact sheets, employment opportunity awareness, and other services. In popular, this website primarily becomes an impelling marketing tool for the organization. The e-marketing approach of the different organizations pluck from mingled strategies such as through their main website which promotes display advertising of their products, interactive marketing where the consumers can contact the organization for solid sales and business concerns, search engine marketing which offer the service of easing the browsing activity of the viewing public. As such, the website becomes both a promotional approach and a business related interactive medium for the business organizations wherein the latter can relate furthe r to the needs and concerns of their target consumers.With regards the issue cosmos noted herein, the questions that could be considered are as followsHow important is e-marketing and online shopping when it comes to the convenience of the consumers today?How effective are the approaches of the authoritative e-marketing systems to the people of the current society?Are there possible ways to further the comfort of the people being serviced through online shopping?BUSINESS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGYEverything starts with a vision. From a vision comes plans, and from plans come fulfilment of the vision. Vision and plans are the primary elements for starting any business. An entrepreneur must posses the vision and determination compulsory for an individual to become successful within the business industry however, these elements are not solely the needed requirements. Vision and plans are the abstract elements that contribute to business proceedings hence empowering the entrepreneur to continue whatever it is that he has started. The other elements include capital, land place of business headquarters and the people crush. The elements that were mentioned primarily give essence to the business itself. The capital is more on the monetary choice needed to start the business. At times, this particular resource comes from a group of entrepreneurs who decide to work together for a certain organization, or on the other hand, it is sourced out from loaning or from the pocket of the entrepreneur himself. At some point, the capital actually determines the scale of the business.Land or the area intend for the business headquarters is depending on what type of business is planned to be established. If the business is supposed to cater to several clients, there should be a place intended for them that would be much convenient for business transactions. However, if the business is online which is at trend right now or other home found businesses, the area of business o ff sterilize would not be much of a problem since the transactions are to be done at any convenient place possible. The people jam also depends on the scale of business that is being established. Whatever type of business is being established, it is obligatory that the entrepreneurs see to it that the different sections of the business, especially that of the people force are well taken care of. The success of the business of course depends on the ability of the entrepreneurs to balance the idealistic mission as well as the activities of the organization as a business entity. This as well includes the legalities of the organization and its close connection with the existing laws for business organizations. It could be noted that opening or establishing a business organization is not that easy to deal with. The first months of operation towards the first year usually deals with the different challenges of effective strategies seduced to put the organization within the existing r ivalry. Entering a certain business organization and trying to make it within the business industry is a great challenge to everyone wanting to create a broad reputation in the society.However, once these particular challenges have been successfully met by the new entrepreneurs, the continuous progress of the utter new established organization could be assured. This though does not mean that developments are already to s top out once the business has been established. As for a fact, the mental hospital should simply mark the beginning of the progressive developments intended to help the whole organization remain within competition as long as it exists within the business industry. From this particular section of the study, it could be discover that the primary reasons for establishing a business should not only be lead by the need or the want of the entrepreneurs in gaining profitable results form the business. It should be defecate to the business entrepreneurs that the state operational act needs to receive ample time for supply and attention on the pros and cons of the situation. From this particular assessment of business opportunities, the possibility of creating a successful source of profit could be identified in a arbitrary point of view. It has been certainly stressed out that the different elements of business should be given careful attention within the planning procedures. Carefully giving the said elements ample time of observation shall give the entrepreneurs to make amends on the possible weak links that could cause the failure of the business in the future.Identifying the market Approach to be Used trade is one particular branch of business that deals with all the promotional cycloramas of a certain business organization. At some point, this particular sector of the organization is perceived to have a certain group of goods attending to the said needs of the organization with regards promotion and advertising. Every good-hearted of o rganization have their own marketing branch. This is specifically because of the fact that the incoming profit that the accompany lives from its clients is particularly empowered by the marketing strategies created by the marketing group. Whatever it is that the merchandising group plans shall determine the organizations success in the industry. The ability of the said in-charged group in making amends for the organizations ability to make it within the industrial competition in the business world shall make it possible for the business to make a considerable reputation that could draw in the clients who are being targeted by the said organization. This is particularly the reason why business organizations both large-scale and small-scale make it a point that the marketing procedures that they carry on for the sake of business progression is given careful attention and as well as an ample gist of investment. Particularly, marketing is a business branch that sets the path for the organization as to how they are supposed to trod the journey of success in the industry that they are relations with. The intensity of the procedures taken by marketing experts particularly pertains to the quality of the advertising procedures that the organization ought to take into consideration for actual operational purposes. It is in this particular sector of the organization that the fast release or distribution of the services or the products offered by the organization towards the clients could be determined. Today, the level of competition that each business organization deals with in the human society is clearly identified by the progressive procedures taken by the marketing team of each business company. According to Website MarketingMarketing is a broad topic that covers a range of aspects, including advertising, public relations, sales, and promotions. People often confuse sales with marketing, when in fact the two are very different. The former involves getting a pro duct or service into the market, promoting it, influencing behavior, and encouraging sales. Sales are the actual transaction of getting a product or service into the hands of your customers. (http//tools.devshed.com/c/a/Website-Marketing/Importance-of-Marketing/).The strategies of marketing that each organization adapts into is primarily defined by the financial capabilities of the said business entity t o provide the services need by the clients that pertain to promotional operations. The conceptive impact of the marketing strategies also usually brings about the estimation that the main target of the promotional presentations is the group of people in the society who are assumed by the organization to be the primary clients of the organization. It is their use up that should be the snap of the promotional interpretations and presentations. The strategies are hence strongly differed through the identification of the target consumers or clients of the organization. The Website Marketing also addsStrategies in marketing have changed enormously since Jay Conrad Levinson introduced the rebel concept over 20 days ago. Tactics that were considered radical then are almost main stream now. With so many messages bombarding the consumer in the mart today, it is now more difficult than ever to get your product getd, so marketers have learned to be creative. (http//tools.devshed.com/c/a/Website-Marketing/Importance-of-Marketing/).Overall, marketing could then be noted as a source of established foundation for every business organization. The impact that it has on every established business group is a primary concern that brings about possible profitable sources to the different business organizations. Indeed, marketing and the operations that are made under this particular sector of the organization assure the whole business entity of the competitive standing of the entire organization within the business industries. This is particularly the reason why it has bee n commented that Companies without a marketing prospect are at a disadvantage in todays business world. Those who are still centered around their products, rather than their customers, are doom to fail.The clients are the main target of marketing procedures, companies who are still starting and those who are already established who give lesser care in this aspect of business operations are indeed assured to have a hard time coping up with the existing competition within the industry. getting through with all the RISKS Planning the business and setting the marketing strategy to be used by the organization are simply the basic elements needed to create an organization that is intended to set sail in the journey towards global business engagements. TO be able to completely scale the capability of the organization to face the different challenges of dealing with the international market, it is necessary that the business entrepreneurs become aware of the impending issues needed to be dealt with during international business operations. What are the risks being referred to herein? According to Fredrick Wilcox Progress always involves risk you cannot steal second base and keep your foot on the first base. This primarily implies the fact that there are several elements of success in business, especially concerning international relations that could not be met unless the entrepreneur meets the risks that come along with the primary developments. The elements of risks could be discussed as followsBusiness RisksCost of Structure- The establishment of a certain business entity especially one that is made to face international transactions should and must be based on the financial capabilities of the owner. This particularly pertains to the available capital that is supposed to be the basis of how large or how small the scale of the business would be. It could be observed that through several organizations ability of identifying the costs that may affect their operation s in the new venture of business that they would want to engage with would of course identify the possible progress that they are hoping to meet in the future.Competition- Being ready for the already existing companies within the country that goes with the same industry is necessary for an international entrepreneur to be prepared about. In the internet technology, it could not be denied that there are already companies who are able to meet the challenges that are needed to have the needed and expected success on the said business venture. It is indeed necessary that several business organizations face the said competition with ample reputation and business strength that would allow them to undergo the challenges of the new business venture that they aim to engage with.Product Liability- the procedures of getting through with the laws in placing the products within the boarders of the other country should be one of the primary concerns of business entrepreneurs.Human Resource Manag ement- Since the business would involve international engagements it is simply reasonable to expect that the employees would be coming form international races as well. Managing this type of human resource group should then be carefully given attention by the organizational authorities.Clients or Customers- The demographics of the consumers, their interests and their product preferences should be among the main concerns of the business organization. Their culture and their wants basing on their traditions should be carefully noted by entrepreneurs to ensure their products of the market gustation that it needs to be able to remain in business.Environmental RisksEconomic- The economic situation of the neighboring country where a branch or a trade engagement is prepared to be conducted should be set in balance with the economic status of the original branch of the business. The balance shall help the business operators to set some standard procedures in dealing with the finances of th e organization.Weather- The weather that is currently controlling the activities of the civilians of a certain country should be carefully given attention. This shall also determine the activities that are supposed to be taken in consideration by the business organization.Legalities and the Government- this particular element should be closely given clear attention as it is among the most important factors as well as the most crucial one as it primarily determines if the organization is to remain in a certain country or not, based on the ability of the organization to become connected with the laws of the said neighboring country.Considering all these elements of risk and being able to understand on how each one affects the business engagements of a certain organization in an International picture shall then help the entrepreneurs create the possibilities and the probabilities of the organizations success in the multicultural market of consumers.The profit dish out Provisions Busin ess ABCs The company that is to be observed at this point is the organization of Info Inc. which is a start up company wanting to venture in providing its major clients with internet based services that could be used as a source of informative materials in terms of accounting procedures, medical assistance and budget-wise programs that both business enthusiasts and the general public could use in their daily business and household needs and activities.As a company that is still starting in venturing within the said field, it is necessary for Info Inc to carry on the informations that were further discussed in this paper earlier. It could be noticed that the discussions point out the fact that establishing a new business operation for a certain existing business organization is indeed challenging especially when the business is supposed to handle a global market. As the organization aims to venture in a new business operation that they have not been used to in engaging, it is much be neficial to take notice of the fact that the organization needs to take into consideration several factors that would involve the adjustments of the whole body of employee of the said company. The shifting of the priority and the opening of the new cranial orbit of service that the company would provide its clients should then be identified as a primary factor that should be carried in constant addressing during the whole procedure of adjusting the organizations focus. First to consider then is the type of internet servicing that the company should be involved into. This shall be discussed within the paragraphs that follow.Choosing the Type of Service To be able to reach the widest reaching of market, Info Inc should invest in creating internet networked branches from different areas of the world. The company may not be required in creating an actual physical branch in the different parts of the world, but it is required to subscribe at a certain internet website host such as Goog le or yahoo, that would make their company much more rise to powerible by the target market that they ought to serve. Choosing the right type of server or website fend is very important. This is the reason why ample research on this matter should be carefully considered by the ones who are to establish the companys website. The scope of the network should also be closely attended to as this would indicate the expected scope of audience or market that the company could reach out to.As mentioned earlier, marketing is an important way of regenerating a prospect market to get involved within a certain business company however, lacking the needed approach path to reach the said clients may make this particular procedure of business operation impossible. Hence, being able to scale on which type of website support could give the best services to the company basing from its mission in connection with the market that it targets is very important to take into consideration. By doing so, th e creators of the said business service-provision branch does not only introduces the company to a wider scope of market, but it also gives it a chance in gaining the peak rate of gross that it could reach in an annual calculation.Creating the Website Since the organization aims to attract business enthusiasts and household members, the presentation of the website should cater to what they are actually interested in. This is where the art of marketing begins o enter the scene. Moat likely, it could be observed that the more attractive and interesting the website looks like, the more it is being viewed by Internet surfers.This is particularly the reason why the website of the company should sidle up the strength of the company and the idealisms that it has that may attract the concerns of the market. Constant attendance to what the target market wants to know about the company and about their services shall help the creators and programmers of the website have an idea on what they s hould actually set as features to the said website. It must also occur among the creators that the insistence of the websites becoming a user-friendly system is an important part of the feature of the said internet address. This would certainly allow the users, whether they are computer literate or not to have an easy access on what is actually being offered by the organization through their online network.Counting the Benefits Having a companys own website in the internet is like having a legitimate virtual address that would cater to mostly different people from around the world. As globalization opens its doorways to major new waves of business engagements, it could be observed that there are different benefits that the Internet operations bring the different business organizations that use the services provided by the said virtual community. Most of the companys which do not even have physical establishments are already known because o their internet-based operations. This fact shall help Info Inc in realizing the fact that opening their doors to a more liberated procedure of operating within the business transactions that they want to offer their clients is an important part of their companys growth as a major business entity.Counting the Costs To be able to understand the plan further, it is important to lay the finances and budgeting procedures needed to support that project that is being proposed for Info Inc to take into consideration. What are the particular elements of financing that needs to be considered?Creating the Website at that place is a need to hire an expert to at least program the website. The fact that there are different features of presentations that are planned to be embedded within the presentation of the website primarily to attract the clients, there needs to be the existence of professional help for this matter. This then requires a minimal yet reasonable payment for labor.Funding the Website Usually, the fees for website mainten ance are paid annually. The company should then prepare itself in facing responsibilities such as this.Advertising through Search Engines The more exposure the site gets, the more surfers it could invite. From this particular fact, it could be noted that funding the sites fees is indeed worthwhile, as that particular fee shall allow the link to the website to appear several times with the utilization of several key words encoded by the internet surfers when they are seeking the help of major search engines in the internet.Training the Operators of the Web There should always be a standing support specialist that is ready to assist customers in their issues about the services offered by the company. Once the company ventures to this particular type of business operation, it should then occur to them that the richness of placing expert support technicians as well as product or service specialists should constantly be available incase interested client needs assistance. If the values of the cost-causing elements mentioned herein shall be examined, it could be observed that the fees are all reasonable enough of stipendiary on the part of the companys financing group. Most likely, this is because of the much reasonable returns that the said fees are expected to return to the entire companys business system. Handling such responsibilities in a much more positive outlook shall indeed help the administration of the organization realize of their importance as major player within the worldwide economy. The operations that they are expected to handle through inline communications shall not only increase their capabilities of discourse challenges but could also help them grow as a business entity that is able to face the challenges of the globalization era.CLIENTS AND ONLINE CONSUMERISMOnline consumerism is one of todays major innovative leaps in terms of commercialism. The use of the Internet as a major medium for trading and monetary transactions has been among the major advancements of technology and real life in the human society. Each business organization relies on their respective aspects to promote their services and products in the market.Each marketing aspect range from various strategies and approaches to entice, promote and imply an ideal nature of their products and services to the consuming public to generate a business transaction between the two parties. Each business transaction in turn will generate the desire income by the organization, which is relevant for their operation development and profit generation. As such, each organization must create an effective and effective marketing tool towards their target public, which will address the important communication and business elements in their economic transaction. The most effective marketing approaches in the present are the strategies that address the key communication elements of the public. These strategies manifests to be reliable marketing medium that inform, relates and considers the consuming public to be significant part of the organizational structure and their subsequent operations. On the practical sense, these strategies are characterized to be publicly open for the society wherein they are easily and readily neighborly for the interesting consumers. In part, these marketing strategies not only cater to the marketing nature but also to the other relevant part of the organizational structure such as human resources, customer service and public relations. On this field of effective marketing approaches, the e-marketing system manifests to be both an effective and efficient strategy for contemporaneous business organization. From the analysis of the e-marketing strategies, it is strongly concluded that marketing and promotional activities utilizing the advancement of the field of information technology is an effective approach for contemporary business organization. Through the use of this significant medium, organization can promote further their products and services and developing their ideal business nature in the social aspect which in turn, has a significant impact upon the organizations success. Indeed, marketing using online or internet technology relates further the business organization to the global audience for more effective and efficient business operation for the economic success of the organization. Although the past have already placed a strong impact on how the people viewed business operations done through the Internet, several business enthusiasts never ceased finding ways by which they would be able to attain success within the said industry. Many among the business owners around the world still believe in the benefits that commit in online business ventures would naturally bring their organizations.As for a fact, the said situation is quickly becoming a trend both among organizations that are already established and the business and even those business entities that are just starting to join the s aid competitive industry. Most of the benefits that the said system of business transacting has mainly attracted investors as well as stockholders in making a great decision of joining in the process of industrial change though the innovative integration of technology within the system. To understand this claim further, a diagrammatic presentation shall be shown hereinDiagram 1 Efects of Information Technology in the relationship between clients and business organizations Diagram Analysis From the presentation made above, it could be observed that the reason behind the business entities joining the band wagon of taking advantage of the comestible of science and technology in the modern society is indeed worthwhile. As it could be seen, the five major effects that have been presented through the diagram actually directly affect the growth rate of the organizations in a modern society. This is indeed an attractive provision that IT could ever offer business entities.Chapter 5 news To day many people once bewildered by the stock market are investing in stocks. Why? For one thing, the Internet has alterd investors to access in moments financial news, investment advice, and stockbrokers. Paul Farrell, editor in chief of Wall Street News, writes For individual investors, cyberspace investing is the new frontier, the new gold rush, the freedom to be yourself, with the opportunity to become financially independent while working at home.Along with the blooming of the Internet systems, commerce also took the chance to be a part of a very promising source of profit for many business firms. To do this, there existed a brook to the Dot.com business arena. Many people who would rather invest on a business than to be employed in a company took chances on investing in this sweet of business. But as years passed, the hoped to be tiger market that would hit sky high revenues for the firms taking part on it cast off apart. How is this possible? And how could this kind of mar ket have been saved? The following paragraphs shall discuss the said topic further. During the earlier times of the introduction of Internet, it was seen that this kind of communication could enable many people to connect to each other from far places in the world. The said idea on worldwide interconnection gave many businessmen the thought that using the worldwide web would help their companies and other business firms to reach their potential revenues and income at a very minimal time or better yet, even double or triple the income they have expected. With this, the dot.com business arena was given birth. It is more likely that the investors who invested in this kind of economic environment were the ones who realize that new business models would soon arise based on the possibilities of Internet commerce or more popularly known as E-commerce. As a result of wanting to be the first ones to gain profit from the said provisions of this new technology, they risked thousands of dollar s to invest in the said Internet market. The first years of the operation of the dot.com market paved way to many sellers of products and services to be connected to many consumers worldwide. Obviously though, among the three major gainers of profit in this kind of market are several internet-help companies. The said technology groups are the Internet and Network Infrastructure which hosts the construction of official websites posted through the net, the Internet Tools such as Netsacape which assists on the navigation process in the Internet, and the Internet-direct consumer websites such as Yahoo which allows numerous ads to be posted through their website. Between the years 1998-1999, the interest rates on place up e-commerce firms were way affordable for many investors. This is the reason why many inexperienced businessmen chose to loin this market as a beginning of joining the business industry. Although many of the said investors had concrete and realistic plans regarding a bu siness, most of them lacked administrative abilities.On the other hand, inviting investors to join the Internet market had been easier through the use of offering great promises and benefits that the web hosts post to attract the prospect businessmen (Warford, 2005, 45). True, this way of luring investors worked pretty well. As proved by the many growing e-commerce members during the years 1998-1999, the dot.com industry continued to flourish.To recognize the best Internet websites that are present in the e-commerce industry, there had been an annual awarding of the top websites of the year. It started on the year 1995, which was characterized by extravagant programs and undeniably expensive presentations. It was annually held in San Francisco California near the heart of the Silicon Valley. The said event has indisposed during the year 2001 when thousands of attendance joined the lucrative awarding.When the year 2003 came in, the celebration became somber due to lower attendance no t to mention that some of the nominees are not able to attend the event because of company belt-tightening and the fear of loosing their jobs. This is more likely because of the high interest rates that the Internet web hosts are already putting on the investors to continuously operate in the system (Silberschatz, 2004, 15). This event showed that the dot.com industry is not as productive as it was before anymore. As a fact, many of its members already lost on the investments they preempted to be bringing them great profits.Chapter 6 Conclusion and SummaryEntering the arena of international business venture is indeed not an easy task for business entrepreneurs. However, because of the main focus of globalization in empowering dreamers of the said industry helps much in assisting entrepreneurs in seeing the possibilities of enlarging the scope of their territories of profitable areas through stretching their business activities towards the other countries around the globe. It could n ot be denied though that the procedure of international business looks much inviting, it should not be forgotten that the risks are highly challenging, hence encouraging the entrepreneurs to apply clear control of the situation through applying the needed skills to face the challenges of the international business transactions. Expanding the business in this procedure is indeed promising however, careful consideration on the elements of risk should be given clear attention by the hopeful business entrepreneurs. From the discussion and the presentations made in this paper, it could be observed that there is indeed a need for business entities to take the risks in making it within the industry of virtual business. Making their business services and products available through the Internet for the sake of advertising or even selling as it is would surely offer the organizations a progressive future in the fields that they are joined with. Certainly, the innovations brought about by info rmation technology actually radically changed the economic trade of the entire global state of business industries. This is the reason why a particular entrepreneur trying to make the business scene in the current era of globalization needs to know the basic of computer applications and internet system operations for their business organization. Certainly, because of the more improved system of consumerism featured through online business operations, click businesses become highly effective in affecting the human society today. It could still not be denied though that there are still some satisfactions that brick or physically established systems of business today give its consumers. Through this conclusion, it should be understood that both brick and click businesses should exist in balance to allow consumer satisfaction all over the world in accordance with the different elements contributing to modern globalization.References Internet SourcesBBC News. (2000). Dot.com to Dot.bomb. http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/business/2000/review/1069169.stm. (May 31, 2008)Bock, Wally. (2001). From Dot-Com to Dot-Bomb. http//www.mondaymemo.net/010409feature.htm. (May 31, 2008).Msdn. Microsoft Corporation. (2007). Technology Overview. http//msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/netframework/aa497336.aspx. (May 31, 2008).Nut, Gary. (2004). Operating Systems A Modern Perspective, Third Edition. http//www.cs.colorado.edu/nutt/osamp.html. (May 31, 2008).Website Marketing. (2001). Importance of Marketing. http//tools.devshed.com/c/a/Website-Marketing/Importance-of-Marketing/. (May 31, 2008)Books Brown, Stephen (1993), Postmodern Marketing?, European Journal of Marketing Vol. 27 No. 4, pp. 19-34Brown, Stephen (1998), Post-Modern Marketing 2 Telling Tales,Thomson Business Press.Deitel, Harvey M. Deitel, Paul Choffnes, David (2004). Operating Systems. Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson/Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-182827-4.Ensor, Jim . (2006). Future Net The inborn Guide to Internet and Technolo gy Megatrends. Trafford Publishing 1st edition. ISBN-10 1553957245.Folsom, Ralph H. . (2005). Principles of International Business Transactions (The Concise Hornbook Series). West Publishing.Fitzgerald, Peter L. . (2005). International Business Transactions A Problem-oriented Coursebook. West Publishing.Harris, J. Archer. (2001). Schaums Outline of Operating Systems. McGraw-Hill 1 edition. ISBN-10 0071364358.Hanson, Ward & Kalyanam, Kirthi (2006). Internet Marketing and e-Commerce. South-Western College Publication. 1st Edition. ISBN-10 0324074778.Rajagopal, Raj . (1999). Multi-Operating System Networking Living with UNIX, NetWare, and NT. AUERBACH 1 edition. ISBN-10 0849398312.Silberschatz, Abraham . (2004). Operating System Concepts. ass Wiley & Sons 7 edition. ISBN-10 0471694665.Strauss, Judy & El-Ansary, Adel & Frost, Raymond (2005). E-Marketing. Prentice Hall Publication. 4th Edition. ISBN-10 0131485199.Tanenbaum, Andrew S. Woodhull, Albert S. (2006). Operating Systems. Design and Implementation. Upper Saddle River, N.J. Pearson/Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-142938-8.Warford, J. Stanley. (2005). Computer Systems. Jones & Bartlett Publishers 3rd edition. ISBN-10 0763732397.

Consensus Ad Idem

EROSION OF CONSENSUS AD IDEM This work is to discuss about the erosion of consensus ad idem or called as skirmish of the minds, to get to know about this we have to know about bundle where in which the consensus ad idem plays a very beta role. Meaning and Definition of Contract The word contract is derived from the Latin contractum, meaning pass onn together. It, on that pointfore, denotes a drawing together of dickens or much minds to form a common intention giving rise to an agreement which is intended to be enforceable by law and which whitethorn have pieces in writing, though contracts can be made orally.Section 2(h) of the Indian Contract Act, 1872 defines a contract as an agreement enforceable by law. Section 2(e) defines agreement as every pledge and every set of promises forming consideration for each former(a). Section 2(b) defines promise in these words When the person to whom the proposal is made signifies his assent thereto, the proposal is utter to be accepte d. Essentials of Contract Every contract is said to have the following elements- ? Offer ? Acceptance ? Consideration ? confluence of the minds consensus ad idem ? Competency of parties & equity or Lawful Object These six elements are said to be the essentials of a valid contract, absence of even i of these would expiration in non-enforceability or a contract which is not legally enforceable. Two or more persons can enter into a contract and there should be offer or proposal from whatsoever of the party to the other and the offer can be of any form i. e. , express, implied or general offer, also the offer should be genuine and definite. An offer is synonymous with proposal. The offeror or proposer expresses his willingness to do or not to do (i. . , abstain from doing) something with a view to obtain acceptance of the other party to such act or abstinence. Thus, there may be positive or negative acts which the proposer is willing to do. When an agreement is placed and which is said to be legally enforceable, consideration on both sides is a must. Each party to the agreement must give or promise something and receive something or a promise in return. Consideration is the price for which the promise of the other is sought. However, this price need not be in terms of money.In case the promise is not supported by consideration, the promise will be nudum pactum (a bare promise) and is not enforceable at law. Moreover, the consideration must be real and lawful. ? Meeting of Minds consensus ad idem Consensus ad idem Latin agreement on the same thing / Meeting of the minds. The agreement by contracting parties to identical terms that is necessary for the brass for the formation of a legally binding contract. In particular it refers to the situation where there is a common understanding in the formation of the contract.This condition or element is often considered a necessary requirement to the formation of contract. It is understood that a contract cannot be for med or may not be considered as legally enforceable when there is no common understanding between the parties to the contact. They may not be expressly implied in a contract unless the conduct of the parties and their understanding towards performing an act is enough to show that there is consent between both the parties. ? Competency of parties The parties to a contract should be adapted to enter into a contract.According to Section 11, every person is competent to contract if he (i) is of the age of majority, (ii) is of sound mind, and (iii) is not disqualified from contracting by any law to which he is subject. Thus, there may be a flaw in capacity of parties to the contract. The flaw in capacity may be due to minority, lunacy, idiocy, drunkenness or status. If a party to a contract suffers from any of these flaws, the contract is unenforceable except in certain exceptional circumstances. ? Legality or lawful objectThe object of the agreement which was entered between the part ies must be lawful and not one which the law disapproves. If in case, the said object is to be unlawful then the agreement would become void. All these above elements combined together forms a contract which is legally enforceable. ? Erosion of Consensus ad idem The idea of enlarge a contract based on meeting of minds at early stages was made by Sir Frederick Pollock. There were also persons like Oliver Wendell Holmes who criticized the concept of meeting of minds as fiction.This concept has been accepted and had been put into use even until now, but there had been some leaps and bounds in early stages of evolution of contract. In mob Fire and Carriage Accident Insurance Co Ltd v Grant(1879) 4 Ex D 216, Thesiger LJ said, Now, whatever in abstract discussion may be said as to the legal notion of its being necessary, in order to the effecting of a valid and binding contract, that the minds of the parties should be brought together at one and the same moment, that notion is practical ly the foundation ofEnglish lawupon the subject of the formation of contracts. In Carlill v.Carbolic Smoke Ball Company1893 1 QB 256, Bowen LJ said, One cannot surmise that, as an ordinary rule of law, an acceptance of an offer made ought to be notified to the person who makes the offer, in order that the two minds may come together. Unless this is done the two minds may be apart, and there is not that consensus which is necessary according to the English law I say nothing about the laws of other countries to make a contract. Here in our country, Section 2(e) of Indian contract Act 1872 defines agreement as every promise and every set of promises, forming the consideration for each other, i. e. there should be meeting of minds to constitute a contract. There are also several case laws in which the importance of consensus ad idem has been upheld. In M/S Richa Industries Ltd & Ors vs. ICICI Bank Limited & Another, on 14 October, 2011 Delhi High Court upheld that, Contract Act, 187 2 being contracts which are beyond the law and this court can draw inference by looking into the illegality in the said contracts and their purpose. The plaintiff states that the agreement or the transactions are not valid that the defendant was never permit to do the derivative transactions on behalf of the plaintiff.It is submitted on behalf of the plaintiff that the defendant has got some template contracts signed from the plaintiff whereof entered into the transactions on its behalf without proper discipline and guidance. It is argued that there was no consensusadidemto enter into any such contract of authorizing the defendant to enter into derivative transaction and the same is vitiated by theconsensusadidemand consent of the plaintiff. The said consent must be taken from the plaintiff by way of informed consent and not by just acquiring the documents signed without informing the purpose for which they are taken from the plaintiff.The plaintiff is also aggrieved by the fact t hat the defendant is seeking to declare the plaintiff as headstrong defaulter. The plaintiff challenges the defendants letter dated 28. 02. 2011, whereby show cause was issued. In this context, all the countries dealing with contracts has accepted the usage of consensus ad idem as it is said to be the report element of contract and also according to the Indian Contract Act 1872. Erosion of this concept was only at early stage of it and now it has been a clear view of that without consent of both parties to the contract it cannot be considered legally acceptable.The basic principles of contract have been substantially abrogated due to privatization and liberalization. Even then, consensus ad idem i. e. , meeting of minds or mutual agreement is a hard nut to crack as without this element there can be no existence of agreement, and it would result in void agreements or at times it becomes voidable. Reference Halsburys Law on India Volume II, Butterworths Lexis Nexis New Delhi, 20 02 M. Krishna Nair- The Law of Contracts 5th Edition- Orient Longman military issue Chennai, 1997, Reprint 1998. Pollock & Mulla- Indian Contract Act & Specific Relief Act 13th Edition By Dr. RG Padia Lexis Nexis Butterworths Publication, New Delhi, 2006. Anson Law of Contract 28th Edition Revised by J. Beakson Oxford University Press Publication London, 2010. Cheshire, Fifoot & Frumston Law of Contract 13th Edition M. P. Furmston Butterworths Publication, London, 1996. Contract www. wikipedia. org/wiki/Contract www. indiankanoon. org www. wisegeek. com Blog. SilverDane. com